Chapter 7 · Virginia SOL Algebra 1

Slope & Slope-Intercept

y = mx + b — the key formula

The Most Important Formula in Algebra 1

y  =  mx  +  b
y = output
m = SLOPE
x = variable
b = y-intercept

Positive Slope m > 0

  • Goes UP left to right
  • e.g. y = 2x + 1

Negative Slope m < 0

  • Goes DOWN left to right
  • e.g. y = −2x + 1

Zero Slope m = 0

  • FLAT horizontal line
  • y = b

Undefined Slope

  • VERTICAL line
  • x = a (not a function!)

Example A: Slope from 2 Points

  • Points: (1,3) and (4,9)
  • m = (9−3)/(4−1) = 6/3 = 2
  • Slope = 2 (goes up!)
  • Equation: y−3=2(x−1)
  • Simplify: y = 2x + 1
  • Check: 2(4)+1=9 ✓

Example B: Slope from Equation

  • y = 5x − 3 → slope = 5
  • 2x+y=8 → y=−2x+8 → m=−2
  • 3x−2y=6 → y=(3/2)x−3 → m=3/2
  • KEY: get y ALONE first!
  • Number next to x = slope!

Example C: Graph from Equation

  • y = 2x + 3:
  • 1. Plot y-intercept: (0,3)
  • 2. Use slope: up 2, right 1
  • 3. New point: (1,5)
  • 4. Another: (2,7)
  • 5. Draw line through points!

🔢 Desmos Strategies

3 Ways to Get the Answer!
Strategy 1: Evaluate / Find a Value
  • Type M*X + B (CAPITALS)
  • Add sliders for M and B
  • Set X to find specific y-value
  • Drag M to see slope change
  • Drag B to see y-intercept move
  • Great for visualizing m & b!
Strategy 2: Graph / Visualize
  • Type y = 2*x + 3 (lowercase)
  • Desmos draws the line instantly!
  • Click y-axis crossing = y-intercept
  • Click x-axis crossing = x-intercept
  • Count rise/run on the graph
  • = verify slope calculation!
Strategy 3: Generate Table
  • Type y = 2*x + 3 → Table
  • x: 0,1,2,3 → y: 3,5,7,9
  • y increases by 2 each step
  • That constant change = SLOPE!
  • x=0 row → y=3 = y-intercept!
  • Get the Points from table!

Remember This!