Chapter 2 · Virginia SOL Algebra 1

Laws of Exponents

Rules for powers

🧱 What IS an Exponent?

MULTIPLY Same Base

xᵃ · xᵇ = xᵃ⁺ᵇ
  • ADD the exponents
  • x³ · x² = x⁵

DIVIDE Same Base

xᵃ ÷ xᵇ = xᵃ⁻ᵇ
  • SUBTRACT exponents
  • x⁵ ÷ x² = x³

POWER of a Power

(xᵃ)ᵇ = xᵃˣᵇ
  • MULTIPLY exponents
  • (x³)² = x⁶

ZERO Exponent

x⁰ = 1
  • ALWAYS equals 1
  • 99⁰ = 1

NEGATIVE Exponent

x⁻ᵃ = 1/xᵃ
  • Flip to the bottom!
  • x⁻² = 1/x²

POWER of Product

(xy)ᵃ = xᵃyᵃ
  • Spread the power
  • (2x)³ = 8x³

🔢 Desmos Strategies

3 Ways to Get the Answer!
Strategy 1: Evaluate / Find a Value
  • Type with CAPITAL letters
  • e.g. 2^A * 2^B
  • Add sliders for A and B
  • Set A=3, B=2 → answer = 32
  • Then type 2^(A+B) → also 32
  • Same value = law is correct!
Strategy 2: Graph / Visualize
  • Type in lowercase to graph
  • y = 2^x (exponential curve)
  • y = x^2 (parabola)
  • Compare their shapes!
  • See how fast each grows
  • Observe x-intercepts
Strategy 3: Generate Table
  • Type y = 2^x → click Table
  • See how y DOUBLES each step
  • x: 0,1,2,3 → y: 1,2,4,8
  • Confirm simplified answer
  • by checking table values match
  • original expression values!

Remember This!